Archive and compressing files¶
Tar¶
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mkdir lab
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cd lab
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cp /etc/default/* . 2> /dev/null
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ls | head -5
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du . -h # disk usage
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tar -c -f file.tar *
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ls -lh file.tar
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ls * | grep -v tar | wc -l
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shopt -s extglob # extended pattern matching syntax
rm !(file.tar)
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ls
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tar -x -f file.tar
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ls | head -5 | tr '\n' ' '
gzip, gunzip, zcat¶
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rm !(file.tar)
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ls
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gzip -9 -k file.tar # -1 fast : -9 best
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ls -lh
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rm file.tar
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ls
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gzip --decompress file.tar.gz # -d, --uncompress, gunzip
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ls -lh
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tar -x -f file.tar
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gzip -k -9 file.tar; ls
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file file.tar.gz
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cat file.tar.gz | gunzip > file.tar # get the input from stdin
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gzip -d -c file.tar.gz > file2.tar # Write output on standard output
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zcat file.tar.gz # similar to -> gunzip -c, gzip -d -c
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ls -lhrt
bzip2, bunzip2, bzcat¶
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rm !(file.tar) 2> /dev/null; ls
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bzip2 -9 file.tar
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ls -lh
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bunzip2 file.tar.bz2
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ls
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bzip2 file.tar
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ls -lh
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bzcat file.tar.bz2 > new.tar
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bzip2 -d -c file.tar.bz2 > another.tar # -c : Write the output on standard output
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bunzip2 -c file.tar.bz2 > file.tar
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cat file.tar.bz2 | bunzip2 > newfile.tar # cat file.tar.bz2 | bzip2 -d > newfile.tar
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md5sum *.tar
xz, unxz, xzcat¶
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rm !(file.tar)
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xz -k file.tar
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ls -lh
Back to tar¶
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ls
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tar -xf file.tar
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rm file.tar
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ls | wc -l
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du -h .
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mkdir cmp
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tar -c -z -f cmp/my.tar.gz *
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tar -cjf cmp/my.tar.bz2 *
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tar -cJf cmp/my.tar.xz *
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file cmp/*
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ls -lh cmp/*
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GZIP=-9 tar -cjf cmp/file.tar.gz * --exclude cmp
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ls cmp/file.tar.gz -lh
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tar -xOf cmp/my.tar.gz > a.tar # extract to stdout
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tar -t -f cmp/my.tar.gz | head -4 # list
Paths in tar¶
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tar -cf test.tar /etc/grub.d 2> /dev/null
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tar -tf test.tar | tail -1
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tar -cPf test.tar /etc/grub.d 2> /dev/null # keep the leading /
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tar -tf test.tar 2> /dev/null | tail -1
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tar -cf test.tar -C /etc/grub.d . # Change dir
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tar -tf test.tar | tail -1
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find /etc/grub.d/ | tar -cf grub.tar -T - -Pp # From stdin while keeping the / and permissions
Updating¶
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rm -r *
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echo 'hi 1' > 1 ; echo 'hi 2' > 2
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tar -cf 1.tar 1; tar -cf 2.tar 2;
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rm 1 2
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ls -l
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tar -xOf 1.tar # -O: to the stdout
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echo 'bye 1' > 1
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tar -uf 1.tar 1 # update file 1 if it's newer
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tar -tf 1.tar # list files
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tar -xOf 1.tar
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tar -xf 2.tar --occurrence=1 filename
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tar -xf 2.tar --backup filename # 1 1~
Appending a tarball into archive¶
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tar -A 1.tar -f 2.tar # Appends 1.tar into 2.tar
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tar -f 2.tar -t # list files
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tar -f 2.tar -xO
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rm 1 # remove the new one we just creat it
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tar -f 2.tar -x 1 # only extract file with the name `1`
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ls
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cat 1
Append a file into archive¶
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tar -tf 1.tar
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tar -r -f 1.tar 2
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tar -tf 1.tar
Delete¶
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tar -f 2.tar --delete 1
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tar -tf 2.tar # list files
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tar -f 2.tar --delete --occurrence=2 filename
cpio¶
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whatis cpio
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find /etc/grub.d | head -3
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find /etc/grub.d | cpio -o > grub-d.cpio
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file grub-d.cpio
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cpio -id --no-absolute-filenames < grub-d.cpio
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ls
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rm -r etc grub-d.cpio
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ls /boot/init*
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cp /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-75-generic .
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file initrd.img-4.4.0-75-generic
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zcat initrd.img-4.4.0-75-generic | cpio -id --no-absolute-filenames
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rm initrd.img-4.4.0-75-generic
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ls
zip, unzip¶
The zip program puts one or more compressed files into a single zip archive, along with information about the files (name, path, date, time of last modifica‐ tion, protection, and check information to verify file integrity).
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zip my.zip grub.tar
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ls -lh
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rm -r *
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zip -jr9 grub.d.zip /etc/grub.d/ # junk the path
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ls -lh
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file grub.d.zip
List files in a ZIP archive¶
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unzip -l grub.d.zip
the names, uncompressed file sizes and modification dates and times of the specified files are printed, along with totals for all files specified.
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unzip -v grub.d.zip
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zipinfo -2 grub.d.zip # read the man page, got a bunch of options to handle the list
Zip Encryption¶
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zip -e my.zip /etc/ # encrypt using password
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zipcloak my.zip # after creation
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zipcloak -d my.zip # remove encryption
Comment¶
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zip -jj9r w3m.zip /etc/w3m/
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unzip -v w3m.zip
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zipnote w3m.zip
In [ ]:
nano tmp
@ config
Comment by ravexina (Milad As)
@ (comment above this line)
@ mailcap
github.com/ravexina/
@ (comment above this line)
@ (zip file comment below this line)
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zipnote -w w3m.zip < tmp
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zipnote w3m.zip
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unzip -l w3m.zip
Renaming¶
Save it in tmp
@ config
@=newconfig-name
Comment by ravexina (Milad As)
@ (comment above this line)
@ mailcap
github.com/ravexina/
@ (comment above this line)
@ (zip file comment below this line)
In [ ]:
zipnote -w w3m.zip < tmp
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zipinfo -2 w3m.zip
References¶
man pages of: tar, gzip, bzip2, xz, zip, unzip, zipinfo, zipnote and cpio
https://www.gnu.org/software/cpio/manual/html_mono/cpio.html
https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/tar.html
http://www.info-zip.org/mans/unzip.html
Lecture notes¶
- All lecture notes are available at github in
ipynbformat: https://github.com/ravexina/linux-notes.
- There are
htmlexports of project available at: https://ravexina.github.io/linux-notes.
License¶
Linux Notes by Milad As (Ravexina) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
